Draft Genome Sequence of the Grapevine Dieback Fungus Eutypa lata UCR-EL1

The vascular pathogen Eutypa lata, which causes Eutypa dieback in grapevines, is a major threat to grape production worldwide. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of E. lata (UCR-EL1). The computational prediction and annotation of the protein-coding genes of UCR-EL1 provide an initial inventory of its potential virulence factors.

E. lata enters the host through pruning wounds, colonizes the vascular tissues (1,5), and gradually kills the plant by secreting phytotoxins (6,7) and cell wall-degrading enzymes (8). Grape cultivars show differences in their susceptibilities to E. lata (9), but no resistant cultivars or completely effective management practices are available.
Scaffolds were masked for repeats using RepeatMasker (13), and gene prediction was performed with the eukaryotic gene finder Augustus (14), trained using the gene models identified by CEGMA (12). A total of 11,818 complete protein-coding sequences were obtained, which is similar to the gene content of other ascomycetes (15,16). Ninety-two percent of the predicted proteome was annotated based on its sequence homology to pro-teins in the NCBI nonredundant (nr) database (BLASTp, e-value Յ10 -3 ). While these ab initio-discovered gene models need to be further curated and validated using empirical transcript data, they provide us with a first glimpse of the functions encoded in the E. lata genome. In agreement with the known capability of E. lata to degrade woody tissues (8), we found among the 1,224 potentially secreted proteins (SignalP v4.0 [17]) a rich repertoire of cell wall-degrading enzymes comprising 217 putative glycoside hydrolases annotated based on homology with proteins in the CAZy database (18). The most abundant CAZy families identified among the putative secreted proteome were GH61 (26 genes), GH43 (22 genes), and GH16 (17 genes). While GH61 enzymes enhance the breakdown of lignocellulosic material in combination with cellulolytic enzymes (19), GH43 and GH16 enzymes have hemicellulolytic activities. A large number of putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (205 genes), known to be involved in lignin oxidation, were also found, as is reported in other genomes of wood-rotting fungi (20)(21)(22).
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. This Whole-Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/ GenBank under the accession no. AORF00000000. The version described in this paper is the first version, accession no. AORF01000000.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by funding to D.C. from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (UC Davis) and to P.E.R. from the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (UC Riverside). Support to B.B.U. was provided by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Costa Rica).
We thank Henriette O'Geen (UC Davis Genome Center) and Abraham Morales for their technical assistance.